Section 1: Introduction\ Reindeer Program\ Palmer\ extension service\ government diaries\ reindeer agents\ father\ Cape Prince of Wales\ herds\ Deering\ reindeer herding -- beginning\ deer -- multiplying\ Deering Reindeer Company\ road system -- none\ transportation system -- none\ airports -- none\ Alaska\ Siberia\ reindeer -- original ten reindeer brought over from Siberia to Alaska, 1891\ multiply -- thirty years later\ 300,000 head of reindeer|

Section 2: Seward Peninsula\ Deering\ Theresa Creek\ families\ camp\ people -- from different locations\ Buckland\ Candle\ Kotzebue\ Kobuk River\ reindeer -- by-products\ skins -- use\ reindeer leggings\ sinew\ reindeer skin -- use as a mattress when traveling\ tent city\ occupied -- February to late March\ handling reindeer\ tally sheet\ wood -- running out\ deer -- multiply rapidly|

Section 3: reindeer multiplying\ market -- none for product\ meat -- supply to regions\ Kotzebue\ Deering\ village stores\ father\ spring\ deer -- around camps\ domesticated\ fawning time\ guard -- from bears\ predators\ wolves\ ravens\ calving time\ ravens -- split up\ fawns -- kill|

Section 4: people gathering\ Theresa Creek -- tent city\ culture -- use by-products\ mukluks\ sinew -- thread to sew mukluks\ leggings -- use for trade\ extra dollars\ provisions -- coffee, sugar, flour\ trading -- reindeer parts\ workers -- worked on roundups, corrals\ reindeer shares\ meat product\ deer multiplied\ World War II\ no markets for products\ food source -- depleted\ Deering\ Nome\ wolves -- killed deer\ reindeer -- starving\ reindeer tongue\ lichen\ University of Alaska Fairbanks|

Section 5: Bureau of Indian Affairs\ inventory\ reindeer companies\ deer -- separating\ Deering\ Goodhope River\ corral\ Lomen Commercial Company -- based in Nome\ Norway\ Eskimo herders\ training\ competition\ government\ law-- Eskimos only owners of reindeer herds\ Reindeer Act\ opposition -- cattle\ industry\ market\ Alaska|

Section 6: Bureau of Indian Affairs\ reindeer ownership\ partnerships\ village\ reindeer herding\ Eskimos\ philosophies -- different\ individual families\ expansion\ reindeer -- increase\ grazing\ reindeer program\ St. Lawrence Island herd\ Seward Peninsula\ Aleutian Islands|

Section 7: Reindeer Herder Association\ Bureau of Indian Affairs\ program\ University of Alaska Fairbanks -- partnership\ program development with herders\ government -- state and federal\ 5 year plan\ depletion of reindeer\ food source depletion\ reindeer decline -- rapid\ snow\ freeze-up\ depletion of reindeer -- just before World War II\ Deering\ Nome|

Section 8: caribou -- disappear before 1900\ caribou -- presence\ Imuruk Lake\ lava beds\ camps -- southside\ lava beds -- use to catch caribou\ reindeer|

Section 9: reindeer company\ ledger\ price -- according to rate\ working\ reindeer skins\ exchange\ communities -- important time during corral\ meat\ by-products\ helping other communities|

Section 10: impact felt\ activity -- lost\ work -- reduced\ herds -- build up\ less help for herds\ shareholders\ Deering\ shareholders -- father and mother\ Deering Reindeer Company\ Karmun Reindeer Company\ volunteer\ separation\ Thomas, Micky\ herd\ Karmun, Edward -- eldest brother\ Deering area -- grazing\ partnership\ failure\ Karmun, Alfred\ volunteer herders -- took care of the herd\ Karmun, Harry -- father|

Section 11: reindeer -- divided within different regions\ Shishmaref\ Teller\ Cape Espenberg\ Barr family -- lived at Cape Espenberg\ Barr, Gideon\ Kiak, Al -- lived in Shishmaref\ reindeer\ individual herds\ Buckland\ Kotzebue\ Kivalina|

Section 12: introduction of reindeer -- no management\ ancestors -- nomadic\ by-products\ lack of food source\ reindeer -- take care of all day\ after the reindeer crash\ proper land management for reindeer herders\ state\ federal\ land ownership\ management plan -- develop\ food source\ 5 year plan\ caribou -- came back\ Kotzebue|

Section 13: caribou\ Deering\ Kobuk River\ Seward Peninsula\ managing herds\ ancestors -- didn't realize reindeer populated so fast\ deplete food source\ grazing areas\ assistance\ herders -- need help to develop infrastructure\ caribou\ alternative food source -- don't have one\ feed studies\ instruct herders\ ancestors\ reindeer herders -- younger generation\ urban\ water\ television|

Section 14: depletion of food source\ caribou -- migrate\ food source -- looking for\ migration -- came down\ disappear\ starving\ caribou -- dying\ food source depleting in caribou country\ caribou come back -- ancestors predicted\ salmonberries\ bull caribou\ scouts for caribou herds\ observation|

Section 15: Kugruk\ Shishmaref\ bull caribou -- long legs, shiny side\ river -- across going west\ working with agencies\ state\ federal\ improve grazing groups\ computers\ vaccinations\ herds improving\ University of Alaska Fairbanks\ steer\ plans\ mechanisms|

Section 16: impact\ communities -- depend on a resource\ cycle\ herders\ local employment\ round-ups\ deer -- slaughter\ summer handlers\ Seward Peninsula\ herders -- use people from communities|

Section 17: climate\ round-ups\ climate -- not extreme\ reindeer -- could eat a little longer\ vegetation\ Seward Peninsula\ Nome\ Kugruk\ camp\ snow -- lack of\ snowmachines\ freeze-up -- none\ lack of snow -- taking its toll|

Section 18: lack of snow -- opens land\ expanding distances to feed on\ Seward Peninsula -- western part\ food gathering\ marine mammals\ Bering Strait\ coastal villages\ warmth of oceans|

Section 19: Fort Davis -- fish camp\ ocean\ marine mammals\ different form of animals\ infrastructure -- upsetting with marine mammals|

Section 20: wolf population\ hunters -- kept balance on predators\ caribou -- migrate\ wolves -- follow caribou\ Deering\ herders\ migrating caribou -- more wolves|

Section 21: caribou -- presence\ caribou -- migrate\ reindeer -- preservation\ reindeer herder industry -- must take steps\ resources\ acres for grazing\ corrals -- good size\ observation\ success\ alternative food source\ New Zealand\ red deer\ wild\ tame in corrals|