Documents

Historical References to Ice Conditions Along The Beaufort Sea Coast of Alaska. Lewis H. Shapiro, Ronald C. Metzner, and Kenneth Toovak. Scientific Report supported by NOAA Contract 03-5-022-55, Task No. 6. Fairbanks, AK: Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1979.

Alaskan Eskimo Exploitation of the Sea Ice Environment. Richard K. Nelson. Fort Wainwright, AK: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, Aerospace Medical Division, Air Force Systems Command, 1966.

All About Sea Ice is a website by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSDIC) that offers a glimpse of the characteristics and different forms of sea ice, why it is so important to our environment, and popular scientific methods used for studying it. It presents a basic description of what sea ice is and how it forms, provides data analysis and scientific discussion of things like the thermodynamics and physics of sea ice, and discusses how sea ice affected explorers who struggled to reach the poles. The website also includes links to other related sea ice science material.

Arctic Stories (http://www.arcticstories.net/index.html) is a website with video storytelling of voices from the Arctic and scientists who study it developed by Peter Lourie, Paul and Jody Shepson with a grant from the National Science Foundation because of their passionate concern about climate change. Interviews are grouped by themes: sea ice, science, wildlife, Arctic life, climate, and people.

“Assessing the Shorefast Ice: Iñupiat Whaling Trails off Barrow, Alaska.” Matthew L. Druckenmiller, Hajo Eicken, John C. George, and Lewis Brower. In SIKU: Knowing Our Ice, Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use, edited by Igor Krupnik, Claudio Aporta, Shari Gearheard, Gita J. Laidler, Lene Kielsen Holm, New York: Springer, 2010, pp. 203-228.

For 54 years, Bob and Carrie Uhl maintained a subsistence lifestyle at Cape Krusenstern near Kotzebue, Alaska. Summers were spent in a tent (and later in a tiny cabin) on the beach at Sisualik, where they were able to fish and hunt marine mammals. In the winter, they moved inland to a more sheltered cabin where trees provided wood for heat, a stream running under the winter ice provided water, and moose and caribou provided food. Bob kept a daily journal of resource observations of the Cape Krusenstern area from 1990 to 2004. These journals provide an important long-term record of things like the timing of freeze-up and break-up of the ice of Kotzebue Sound and Hotham Inlet, the safety of the ice trail between Sisualik and Kotzebue, the changing ice conditions, and daily temperature and winds. Bob generously gave permission for the National Park Service to edit and publish his journals in order to better share this invaluable insight into a vanishing lifestyle. They are available through the Cape Krusenstern National Monument website.

“Drift Velocities of Ice Floes in Alaska's Northern Chukchi Sea Flaw Zone: Determinants of Success by Spring Subsistence Whalers in 2000 and 2001.” David W. Norton and Allison Graves Gaylord. Arctic, Vol. 57, No. 4 (December 2004), pp. 347-62.

The Exchange for Local Observations and Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA) facilitates the collection, preservation, exchange, and use of local observations and knowledge of  the Arctic. ELOKA provides data management and user support, and fosters collaboration between resident Arctic experts and visiting researchers. ELOKA was launched during the 2007-2009 International Polar Year. The purpose of ELOKA is to provide data management services and support to Arctic communities and others who are working with local and traditional knowledge (LTK) or who are gathering community-based monitoring data and information.

Field Techniques for Sea Ice Research. Edited by Hajo Eicken. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press, 2009.

Historical Sea Ice Atlas (http://seaiceatlas.snap.uaf.edu) is a website where you can simultaneously view multiple sources of historical sea ice data from the mid-1800s to the present from the oceans surrounding northern Alaska. It is a joint project funded by the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS), the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (ACCAP), and the Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP).

Hunters of the Northern Ice. Richard K. Nelson. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Seasonal Ice Zone Observing Network (SIZONET) is an integrated program for observing seasonal ice in the North hosted by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. It provides access to sea ice data as well as observations provided by local residents.

Inuit Knowledge of Sea Ice in a Geophysical Setting is a website prepared by Dan Elsberg of the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of a student course project, circa 1999. It discusses traditional indigenous knowledge and perceptions of sea ice within a geophysical framework. It presents phenomena and ice types observed by Inuit hunters and travelers and then explores the geophysics behind these topics, and also defines terms in use by scientists who study sea ice.

Barrow File Library Accessions List, Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL), Barrow, Alaska,  as of 1 April 1970. Bibliograhy of publications related to scientific research conducted at NARL and/or by NARL scientists up to April 1970. Available at Elmer E. Rasmuson Library and the Keith B. Mather Library at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

“Observations on Shorefast Ice Dynamics in Arctic Alaska and the Responses of the Inupiat Hunting Community." John C. “Craig” George, Henry P. Huntington, Karen Brewster, Hajo Eicken, David W. Norton, Richard Glenn. Arctic, Vol. 57, No. 4 (December 2004), pp. 363-74.

Chapter 10 about ice (pp. 350-463) of Puiguitkaat: The 1978 Elders Conference. Transcription and translation by Leona Okakok (Kisautaq). Edited and photographed by Gary Kean. Barrow, AK: North Slope Borough, Commission on History and Culture, 1981.

Quick Facts on Arctic Sea Ice is a website by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSDIC) that provides answers to basic questions about sea ice, including what it is, why it is important,what does maximum and minimum extent mean, and why is the ice monitored by scientists.

Sea ice imagery, data products, information about sea ice, interactive video and other sea ice related material available through the Alaska Satellite Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks.

The Sea Ice for Walrus Outlook (SIWO) website is a resource for Alaska Native subsistence hunters, coastal communities, and others interested in sea ice and walrus. SIWO provides weekly reports from April through June with information on weather and sea ice conditions relevant to walrus in the northern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea regions of Alaska. Information on weather and sea ice conditions is provided by the National Weather Service - Alaska Region and Alaska Native sea ice experts. SIWO is a component of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) program.

Sea Ice Group at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks (http://seaice.alaska.edu/gi/) provides access to sea ice research projects, ice observations, data and a field blog by researchers at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

SIKU: Knowing Our Ice, Documenting Inuit Sea-Ice Knowledge and Use, edited by Igor Krupnik, Claudio Aporta, Shari Gearheard, Gita J. Laidler, Lene Kielsen Holm, New York: Springer, 2010.

“The Human Geography of Arctic Sea Ice,” Special Issue of Polar Geography, edited by Amy Lauren Lovecraft, Vol. 36, Nos. 1-2, March-June 2013.

"Toward an Integrated Coastal Sea-Ice Observatory: System Components and a Cast Study at Barrow, Alaska." Matthew Druckenmiller, Hajo Eicken, Mark Johnson, Daniel Pringle, and Christina Williams. Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol. 56, Issues 2-3 (May 2009), pp. 61-72.

Kiŋikmi Sigum Qanuq Ilitaavut - Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary. Winton Weyapuk, Jr. and Igor Krupnik, compilers. Advisors: Pete Sereadlook and Faye Ongtowasruk. Editors: Igor Krupnik, Herbert Anungazuk, and Matthew Druckenmiller. Washington, D.C.: Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, 2012.