Documents

After the Ice is a three-part video series that captures the stories of Indigenous communities immensely challenged by sea ice loss in Alaska’s Bering Sea region. Funded by the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH), sea ice scientists partnered with the Bering Sea Elders Group, an association of Alaska Native elders representing 39 Iñupiat and Yup’ik tribes in Alaska’s Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Bering Strait region, to create the films. The videos can be viewed on the SEARCH website, the Exchange for Local Observations and Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA) website, or beginning in early October 2020 the series will be broadcast by Alaska Public Media and available to stream for free at PBS.org.

Alaskan Eskimo Exploitation of the Sea Ice Environment. Richard K. Nelson. Fort Wainwright, AK: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, Aerospace Medical Division, Air Force Systems Command, 1966.

All About Sea Ice is a website by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSDIC) that offers a glimpse of the characteristics and different forms of sea ice, why it is so important to our environment, and popular scientific methods used for studying it. It presents a basic description of what sea ice is and how it forms, provides data analysis and scientific discussion of things like the thermodynamics and physics of sea ice, and discusses how sea ice affected explorers who struggled to reach the poles. The website also includes links to other related sea ice science material.

Arctic Sea Ice Trafficability: New Strategies for a Changing Icescape. Dyre Oliver Dammann. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks, August 2017.

Arctic Thaw: The People of the Whale in a Changing Climate (http://peterlourie.com/upcomingnorthpole.htm) is a children's book by Peter Lourie who also developed the Arctic Stories website with video storytelling of voices from the Arctic.

“Assessing the Shorefast Ice: Iñupiat Whaling Trails off Barrow, Alaska.” Matthew L. Druckenmiller, Hajo Eicken, John C. George, and Lewis Brower. In SIKU: Knowing Our Ice, Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use, edited by Igor Krupnik, Claudio Aporta, Shari Gearheard, Gita J. Laidler, Lene Kielsen Holm, New York: Springer, 2010, pp. 203-228.

For 54 years, Bob and Carrie Uhl maintained a subsistence lifestyle at Cape Krusenstern near Kotzebue, Alaska. Summers were spent in a tent (and later in a tiny cabin) on the beach at Sisualik, where they were able to fish and hunt marine mammals. In the winter, they moved inland to a more sheltered cabin where trees provided wood for heat, a stream running under the winter ice provided water, and moose and caribou provided food. Bob kept a daily journal of resource observations of the Cape Krusenstern area from 1990 to 2004. These journals provide an important long-term record of things like the timing of freeze-up and break-up of the ice of Kotzebue Sound and Hotham Inlet, the safety of the ice trail between Sisualik and Kotzebue, the changing ice conditions, and daily temperature and winds. Bob generously gave permission for the National Park Service to edit and publish his journals in order to better share this invaluable insight into a vanishing lifestyle. They are available through the Cape Krusenstern National Monument website.

Characteristics of Winds, Currents, and Sea Ice Motion near Barrow, Alaska. A small poster compiled by the Sea Ice Group at the University of Alaska Fairbanks in collaboration with Hokkaido University of Japan summarizing observations from October 2009 to July 2015 of the effects of winds and ocean currents on sea ice motion near the coast of Utqiaġvik, Alaska (formerly known as Barrow). Primary authors are Josh Jones, Andy Mahoney, Hajo Eicken, Yasu Fukamachi, Kay Ohshima, Craig George, and Billy Adams.

"Effects of Changing Sea Ice on Marine Mammals and Subsistence Hunters in Northern Alaska from Traditional Knowledge Interviews." Henry Huntington, Lori Quakenbush, Mark Nelson. Biology Letters. Vol. 12, Issue 8 (August 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0198, accessed August 30, 2017.

Experts Workshops to Comparatively Evaluate Coastal Currents and Ice Movement in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea; Barrow and Wainwright, Alaska, March 11-15, 2013. Report edited by Mark Johnson, Hajo Eicken, Matthew Druckenmiller, and Richard Glenn. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2014.
With contributions on Iñupiaq knowledge from: Billy Adams, Linda Agnassaga, Ransom Agnasagga, Raymond Aguvluk Jr., Ben Ahmaogak Jr., Mary Ellen Ahmaogak, Roy Ahmaogak, Cora Akpik, Max Akpik Sr., Marjorie Angashuk, Jim Allen Aveoganna Jr., Frank Bester Jr., Lewis Brower, Fred Ekak, Craig George, Charlie Hopson, Nora Itta, Artie Kittick, Joe Mello Leavitt, Alva Nashoalook Jr., Eli Nukapigak, Thomas Nukapigak, Tommy Olemaun, Margaret Opie, Billy Oyagak, Enoch Oktollik, Ronald Oviok, Ida Panik, Jack Panik, Billy Blair Patkotak, Rossman Peetok, Julius Rexford Sr., Bob Shears, Michael Tagarook.

Field Techniques for Sea Ice Research. Edited by Hajo Eicken. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press, 2009.

Harvest of the Sea: Coastal Subsistence in Modern Wainwright. Richard K. Nelson. A Report for the North Slope Borough's Coastal Management Program. Barrow, AK: North Slope Borough, 1981.

Subsistence Hunters and Scientists Working Together to Help Alaskan Coastal Communities Adapt to a Changing Climate is an article by Lisa Sheffield Guy of the Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, May 16, 2017. It describes how the Sea Ice For Walrus Outlook (SIWO) project provides weekly reports on spring sea ice and weather conditions that integrate scientific and local knowledge into a tool that is used by both groups, and provides links to the SIWO and other related websites.

"Ice conditions on Alaska’s Beaufort Sea Coast:  Extending the Observations."  Ron Metzner and Lewis Shapiro. Northern Engineer, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 22-27, 35.

"Indigenous Knowledge and Sea Ice Science: What Can We Learn from Indigenous Ice Users?" Hajo Eicken. In SIKU: Knowing Our Ice, Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use, edited by Igor Krupnik, Claudio Aporta, Shari Gearheard, Gita J. Laidler, Lene Kielsen Holm. New York: Springer, 2010, pp. 357-376.

Landfast Sea Ice Formation and Deformation near Barrow, Alaska: Variability and Implications for Ice Stability. Joshua M. Jones. Master's Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, December 2013.

Barrow File Library Accessions List, Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL), Barrow, Alaska,  as of 1 April 1970. Bibliograhy of publications related to scientific research conducted at NARL and/or by NARL scientists up to April 1970. Available at Elmer E. Rasmuson Library and the Keith B. Mather Library at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

“Observations on Shorefast Ice Dynamics in Arctic Alaska and the Responses of the Inupiat Hunting Community." John C. “Craig” George, Henry P. Huntington, Karen Brewster, Hajo Eicken, David W. Norton, Richard Glenn. Arctic, Vol. 57, No. 4 (December 2004), pp. 363-74.

Chapter 10 about ice (pp. 350-463) of Puiguitkaat: The 1978 Elders Conference. Transcription and translation by Leona Okakok (Kisautaq). Edited and photographed by Gary Kean. Barrow, AK: North Slope Borough, Commission on History and Culture, 1981.

Quick Facts on Arctic Sea Ice is a website by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSDIC) that provides answers to basic questions about sea ice, including what it is, why it is important,what does maximum and minimum extent mean, and why is the ice monitored by scientists.

Sea ice imagery, data products, information about sea ice, interactive video and other sea ice related material available through the Alaska Satellite Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks.

The Sea Ice for Walrus Outlook (SIWO) website is a resource for Alaska Native subsistence hunters, coastal communities, and others interested in sea ice and walrus. SIWO provides weekly reports from April through June with information on weather and sea ice conditions relevant to walrus in the northern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea regions of Alaska. Information on weather and sea ice conditions is provided by the National Weather Service - Alaska Region and Alaska Native sea ice experts. SIWO is a component of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) program.

Sea Ice Group at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks (http://seaice.alaska.edu/gi/) provides access to sea ice research projects, ice observations, data and a field blog by researchers at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

SIKU: Knowing Our Ice, Documenting Inuit Sea-Ice Knowledge and Use, edited by Igor Krupnik, Claudio Aporta, Shari Gearheard, Gita J. Laidler, Lene Kielsen Holm, New York: Springer, 2010.

“The Human Geography of Arctic Sea Ice,” Special Issue of Polar Geography, edited by Amy Lauren Lovecraft, Vol. 36, Nos. 1-2, March-June 2013.

"Toward an Integrated Coastal Sea-Ice Observatory: System Components and a Cast Study at Barrow, Alaska." Matthew Druckenmiller, Hajo Eicken, Mark Johnson, Daniel Pringle, and Christina Williams. Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol. 56, Issues 2-3 (May 2009), pp. 61-72.

"Traversing Sea Ice - Linking Surface Roughness and Ice Trafficability Through SAR Polarimetry and Interferometry." Dyre Oliver Dammann, Hajo Eicken, Andrew Mahoney, Eyal Saiet, Franz Meyer, and John C. “Craig” George. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol.11, No. 2 (February 2018), pp. 416-433.

Whaling Season: A Year in the Life of an Arctic Whale Scientist (http://peterlourie.com/books/WhalingSeason.htm) is a children's book by Peter Lourie who also developed the Arctic Stories website with video storytelling of voices from the Arctic.