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Larry Nathaniel
Tape #H95-29

On the 16th of March 1995, Larry Nathaniel spoke with Laurel Tyrrell at the Yukon Trading Post in Circle about his life along the Yukon River. He is a native Athabaskan Indian residing in Circle City, Alaska. His life is indicative of the current trend of cultural loss in the modern world. He grew up in the traditional life style of the Alaskan Interior, learning English as a second language when he entered school. His children, however, do not speak Gwitchin, nor do they participate in the traditional activities.


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Larry Nathaniel speaks with Laurel Tyrrell about...

1) Larry Nathaniel's childhood.
Circle\ subsistence - hunter\ subsistence - fisherman\ subsistence - trapper\ wage earning - summertime\ Fort Yukon\ Chalkyitsik|

2) Family ties.
Nathaniel, Larry - father \ Nathaniel, Steven\ lifestyle - nomadic\ Nathaniel, Larry - grandfather\ Nathaniel, Larry - mother\ trapping\ Williams, Henry\ Nathaniel, Larry - brother\ Nathaniel, Larry - sister|

3) Learning skills needed to survive.
trapping - learning\ stories - learning\ grandfather\ snowshoes\ toboggan\ subsistence - training\ subsistence - fishing\ nets\ fish wheels\ canoe - canvas|

4) Fish camp.
Roberts, Cornelius and Ginney\ fish camp - Six Mile Bluff\ fish - monetary value\ fish - dog feed\ fish - limit self\ fish - preservation\ dry\ freeze|

5) Sled and snowshoe making.
snowshoes\ babiche - caribou\ caribou - vadzi\ Medicine Lake - vanchu|

6) Native language.
grade school - penalized\ language - native speaking\ language - learning English\ school - BIA\ language - passing on|

7) Larry Nathaniel family.
Nathaniel, Larry - children's ages\ Circle|

8) Moose hunting and food.
hunting - moose\ hunting - regulation\ hunting - no waste\ moose - back strap\ sinew\ moose - shinbone\ moose - delicacy\ moose - nose\ Cochrine, Carl\ moose - guts\ moose - gut preparation|

9) Moose brains being used.
moose - brains for food\ moose - brains for tanning 

10) Hunting areas.
hunting - areas\ 9 mile\ 14 mile\ hunting-changed\ hunting - season|

11) Jobs to make ends meet.
jobs - fire fighting\ jobs - construction\ jobs - school District\ work - elsewhere can't hunt or fish\ Nathaniel, Larry - father\ Nathaniel, Stephen - jobs\ Nathaniel, Stephen - jobs|

12) Trapping today.
trapping - changed\ prices down\ trapping - price\ trapping - dog team\ Succor River\ Paddle Creek\ Little Black\ trapline - passing hands\ Birch Creek\ Big Lake|

13) Trapping
Straub, Bill\ Straub, Fronzie\ Succor River\ tripod constructions|

14) Trapping techniques.
trapping - shelter\ trapping -stove\ snow machines - change trapping\ trapping - young people not learning\ Arctic Village\ Venetie\ villages - less accessible\ Circle -culture dying|

15) Sharing.
sharing - food\ language - Native\ speaking Athabaskan| {silence on tape-not recorded}

16) Fish wheel
Succor River\ Six Mile Bluff\ fish wheel - building\ fish wheel - square\ fish wheel - learning\ Nathaniel, Larry -father\ wage earning - needed fish wheel|

17) Trapping.
trapping - with Albert Carroll\ Seven Mile Lake\ Birch Creek\ marten\ lynx - linc\ fox\ beaver\ muskrat - canvas canoes\ Birch Creek|

18) Old timers.
Boquist, Helge and Gladys \ Carroll, Alice - parents\ Joseph, Stanley and Rosalie\ Joseph, Stanley - chief\ Joseph, Stanley - fishing with\ Joseph, Stanley - riverboat captain\ Roberts, Sandy\ Roberts, Cornelius and Ginney|

19) Old timers.
Roberts, Cornelius and Ginney \ fish camp\ Six Mile Bluff\ wood - hauling\ dogs\ Nathaniel, Larry - grandma \ Nathaniel, Larry - grandfather\ Peter, Myra\ Peter, Sam\ language - telling story|


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